aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/doc/developer-guidelines.sgml
blob: a7555e91945daf70e15bc2e3ce240230f041907c (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN" >
<book>
  <title>Nagios Plug-in Developer Guidelines</title>

  <bookinfo>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <affiliation>
          <orgname>Nagios Plugins Development Team</orgname>
        </affiliation>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <pubdate>2005</pubdate>
    <title>Nagios plug-in development guidelines</title>
	
    <revhistory>
       <revision>
          <revnumber>$Revision$</revnumber>
          <date>$Date$</date>
       </revision>
    </revhistory>

	<copyright>
		<year>2000 - 2005</year> 
		<holder>Nagios Plugins Development Team</holder>
	</copyright>

</bookinfo>


<preface id="preface"><title>Preface</title>
    <para>The purpose of this guidelines is to provide a reference for
    the plug-in developers and encourage the standarization of the
    different kind of plug-ins: C, shell, perl, python, etc.</para>

        <para>Nagios Plug-in Development Guidelines Copyright (C) 2000-2005
        (Nagios Plugins Team)</para>

        <para>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
        copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this
        permission notice are preserved on all copies.</para>

	<para>The plugins themselves are copyrighted by their respective
	authors.</para>
</preface>

<article>
<section id="DevRequirements"><title>Development platform requirements</title>
	<para>
	Nagios plugins are developed to the GNU standard, so any OS which is supported by GNU
	should run the plugins. While the requirements for compiling the Nagios plugins release 
	is very small, to develop from CVS needs additional software to be installed. These are the 
	minimum levels of software required:

	<literallayout>
	gnu make 3.79
	automake 1.8
	autoconf 2.58
	gettext 0.11.5
	</literallayout>

	To compile from CVS, after you have checked out the code, run:
	<literallayout>
	tools/setup
	./configure
	make
	make install
	</literallayout>
	</para>
</section>

<section id="PlugOutput"><title>Plugin Output for Nagios</title>
	
		<para>You should always print something to STDOUT that tells if the 
		service is working or why it is failing. Try to keep the output short - 
		probably less that 80 characters. Remember that you ideally would like 
		the entire output to appear in a pager message, which will get chopped
		off after a certain length.</para>

		<section><title>Print only one line of text</title>
		<para>Nagios will only grab the first line of text from STDOUT
		when it notifies contacts about potential problems. If you print
		multiple lines, you're out of luck. Remember, keep it short and
		to the point.</para>

		<para>Output should be in the format:</para>
		<literallayout>
		SERVICE STATUS: Information text
		</literallayout>
		<para>However, note that this is not a requirement of the API, so you cannot depend on this
		being an accurate reflection of the status of the service - the status should always 
		be determined by the return code.</para>
		</section>

		<section><title>Verbose output</title>
		<para>Use the -v flag for verbose output. You should allow multiple
		-v options for additional verbosity, up to a maximum of 3. The standard
		type of output should be:</para>

		<table id="verboselevels"><title>Verbose output levels</title>
			<tgroup cols="2">
				<thead>
					<row>
						<entry><para>Verbosity level</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Type of output</para></entry>
					</row>
				</thead>
				<tbody>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>0</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Single line, minimal output. Summary</para></entry>
					</row>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>1</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Single line, additional information (eg list processes that fail)</para></entry>
					</row>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>2</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Multi line, configuration debug output (eg ps command used)</para></entry>
					</row>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>3</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Lots of detail for plugin problem diagnosis</para></entry>
					</row>
				</tbody>
			</tgroup>
		</table>
		</section>

		<section><title>Screen Output</title>
		<para>The plug-in should print the diagnostic and just the
		synopsis part of the help message.  A well written plugin would
		then have --help as a way to get the verbose help.</para>
		<para>Code and output should try to respect the 80x25 size of a
		crt (remember when fixing stuff in the server room!)</para>
		</section>
		
		<section><title>Plugin Return Codes</title>
		<para>The return codes below are based on the POSIX spec of returning
		a positive value.  Netsaint prior to v0.0.7 supported non-POSIX
		compliant return code of "-1" for unknown.  Nagios supports POSIX return
		codes by default.</para>

		<para>Note: Some plugins will on occasion print on STDOUT that an error
		occurred and error code is 138 or 255 or some such number.  These
		are usually caused by plugins using system commands and having not 
		enough checks to catch unexpected output.  Developers should include a
		default catch-all for system command output that returns an UNKNOWN
		return code.</para>
		
		<table id="ReturnCodes"><title>Plugin Return Codes</title>
			<tgroup cols="3">
				<thead>
					<row>
						<entry><para>Numeric Value</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Service Status</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Status Description</para></entry>
					</row>
				</thead>
				<tbody>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>0</para></entry>
						<entry valign="middle"><para>OK</para></entry>
						<entry><para>The plugin was able to check the service and it 
						appeared to be functioning properly</para></entry>
					</row>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>1</para></entry>
						<entry valign="middle"><para>Warning</para></entry>
						<entry><para>The plugin was able to check the service, but it 
						appeared to be above some "warning" threshold or did not appear 
						to be working properly</para></entry>
					</row>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>2</para></entry>
						<entry valign="middle"><para>Critical</para></entry>
						<entry><para>The plugin detected that either the service was not 
						running or it was above some "critical" threshold</para></entry>
					</row>
					<row>
						<entry align="center"><para>3</para></entry>
						<entry valign="middle"><para>Unknown</para></entry>
						<entry><para>Invalid command line arguments were supplied to the 
						plugin or low-level failures internal to the plugin (such as unable to fork,
						or open a tcp socket) that prevent it from performing the specified
						operation. Higher-level errors (such as name resolution errors,
						socket timeouts, etc) are outside of the control of plugins and should
						generally NOT be reported as UNKNOWN states.
						</para></entry>
					</row>
				</tbody>
			</tgroup>
		</table>

      
		</section>

		<section id="thresholdformat"><title>Threshold and ranges</title>
		<para>A range is defined as a start and end point (inclusive) on a numeric scale (possibly
		negative or positive infinity).
		</para>
		<para>A threshold is a range with an alert level (either warning or critical). Use the
		set_thresholds(thresholds *, char *, char *) function to set the thresholds.
		</para>
		<para>The theory is that the plugin will do some sort of check which returns
		back a numerical value, or metric, which is then compared to the warning and 
		critical thresholds. Use the get_status(double, thresholds *) function to
		compare the value against the thresholds.</para>
		<para>This is the generalised format for ranges:</para>

		<literallayout>
		[@]start:end
		</literallayout>
	
		<para>Notes:</para>
		<orderedlist>
		<listitem><para>start &le; end</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>start and ":" is not required if start=0</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>if range is of format "start:" and end is not specified, 
			assume end is infinity</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>to specify negative infinity, use "~"</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>alert is raised if metric is outside start and end range
			(inclusive of endpoints)</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>if range starts with "@", then alert if inside this range
			(inclusive of endpoints)</para>
			</listitem>
		</orderedlist>
		
		<para>Note: Not all plugins are coded to expect ranges in this format yet.
		There will be some work in providing multiple metrics.</para>
		</section>

		<section><title>Performance data</title>
		<para>Performance data is defined by Nagios as "everything after the | of the plugin output" -
		please refer to Nagios documentation for information on capturing this data to logfiles.
		However, it is the responsibility of the plugin writer to ensure the 
		performance data is in a "Nagios plugins" format.
		This is the expected format:</para>

		<literallayout>
		'label'=value[UOM];[warn];[crit];[min];[max]
		</literallayout>

		<para>Notes:</para>
		<orderedlist>
		<listitem><para>space separated list of label/value pairs</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>label can contain any characters</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>the single quotes for the label are optional. Required if 
			spaces, = or ' are in the label</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>label length is arbitrary, but ideally the first 19 characters
			are unique (due to a limitation in RRD). Be aware of a limitation in the
			amount of data that NRPE returns to Nagios</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>to specify a quote character, use two single quotes</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>warn, crit, min or max may be null (for example, if the threshold is 
			not defined or min and max do not apply). Trailing unfilled semicolons can be
			dropped</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>min and max are not required if UOM=%</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>value, min and max in class [-0-9.]. Must all be the
			same UOM</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>warn and crit are in the range format (see 
			<xref linkend="thresholdformat">). Must be the same UOM</para>
			</listitem>
		<listitem><para>UOM (unit of measurement) is one of:</para>
			<orderedlist>
			<listitem><para>no unit specified - assume a number (int or float) 
				of things (eg, users, processes, load averages)</para>
				</listitem>
			<listitem><para>s - seconds (also us, ms)</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>% - percentage</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>B - bytes (also KB, MB, TB)</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>c - a continous counter (such as bytes
				transmitted on an interface)</para></listitem>
			</orderedlist>
			</listitem>
		</orderedlist>

		<para>It is up to third party programs to convert the Nagios plugins 
		performance data into graphs.</para>
		</section>

	<section><title>Translations</title>
	<para>If possible, use translation tools for all output to respect the user's language 
		settings. See <xref linkend="translationsdevelopers"> for guidelines 
		for the core plugins. 
	</para>
	</section>
</section>

<section id="SysCmdAuxFiles"><title>System Commands and Auxiliary Files</title>

		<section><title>Don't execute system commands without specifying their
		full path</title>
		<para>Don't use exec(), popen(), etc. to execute external
		commands without explicity using the full path of the external
		program.</para>

		<para>Doing otherwise makes the plugin vulnerable to hijacking
		by a trojan horse earlier in the search path. See the main
		plugin distribution for examples on how this is done.</para>
		</section>

		<section><title>Use spopen() if external commands must be executed</title>

	    <para>If you have to execute external commands from within your
    	plugin and you're writing it in C, use the spopen() function
		that Karl DeBisschop has written.</para>

		<para>The code for spopen() and spclose() is included with the
		core plugin distribution.</para>
		</section>

		<section><title>Don't make temp files unless absolutely required</title>

		<para>If temp files are needed, make sure that the plugin will
		fail cleanly if the file can't be written (e.g., too few file
		handles, out of disk space, incorrect permissions, etc.) and
		delete the temp file when processing is complete.</para>
		</section>

    	<section><title>Don't be tricked into following symlinks</title>

		<para>If your plugin opens any files, take steps to ensure that
		you are not following a symlink to another location on the
		system.</para>
		</section>

		<section><title>Validate all input</title>

		<para>use routines in utils.c or utils.pm and write more as needed</para>
		</section>

</section>
	



<section id="PerlPlugin"><title>Perl Plugins</title>

		<para>Perl plugins are coded a little more defensively than other
		plugins because of embedded Perl.  When configured as such, embedded
		Perl Nagios (ePN) requires stricter use of the some of Perl's features.
		This section outlines some of the steps needed to use ePN
		effectively.</para>
	  
		<orderedlist>
			
			<listitem><para> Do not use BEGIN and END blocks since they will be called 
			only once (when Nagios starts and shuts down) with Embedded Perl (ePN).  In 
			particular, do not use BEGIN blocks to initialize variables.</para>
			</listitem>
	  
			<listitem><para>To use utils.pm, you need to provide a full path to the
			module in order for it to work.</para>
			
	  <literallayout>
	  e.g.
		use lib "/usr/local/nagios/libexec";
		use utils qw(...);
	  </literallayout>
	  		</listitem>

			<listitem><para>Perl scripts should be called with "-w"</para>
	  		</listitem>
			
			<listitem><para>All Perl plugins must compile cleanly under "use strict" - i.e. at
			least explicitly package names as in "$main::x" or predeclare every
			variable. </para>
			

			<para>Explicitly initialize each variable in use.  Otherwise with
			caching enabled, the plugin will not be recompiled each time, and
			therefore Perl will not reinitialize all the variables.  All old
			variable values will still be in effect.</para>
	  		</listitem>
			
			<listitem><para>Do not use &gt;DATA&lt; handles (these simply do not compile under ePN).</para>
	   		</listitem>

			<listitem><para>Do not use global variables in named subroutines. This is bad practise anyway, but with ePN the
			compiler will report an error "&lt;global_var&gt; will not stay shared ..". Values used by
			subroutines should be passed in the argument list.</para> 
			</listitem>

			<listitem><para>If writing to a file (perhaps recording
			performance data) explicitly close close it.  The plugin never
			calls <emphasis role="strong">exit</emphasis>; that is caught by
			p1.pl, so output streams are never closed.</para>
			</listitem>
		
			<listitem><para>As in <xref linkend="runtime"> all plugins need 
			to monitor their runtime, specially if they are using network
			resources.  Use of the <emphasis>alarm</emphasis> is recommended
			noting that some Perl modules (eg LWP) manage timers, so that an alarm
			set by a plugin using such a module is overwritten by the module.
			(workarounds are cunning (TM) or using the module timer)
			Plugins may import a default time out ($TIMEOUT) from utils.pm.
			</para>
			</listitem>

			<listitem><para>Perl plugins should import %ERRORS from utils.pm
			and then "exit $ERRORS{'OK'}" rather than "exit 0"
			</para>
			</listitem>
			
		</orderedlist>
	  
</section>

<section id="runtime"><title>Runtime Timeouts</title>

		<para>Plugins have a very limited runtime - typically 10 sec.
		As a result, it is very important for plugins to maintain internal
		code to exit if runtime exceeds a threshold. </para>

		<para>All plugins should timeout gracefully, not just networking
		plugins. For instance, df may lock if you have automounted
		drives and your network fails - but on first glance, who'd think
		df could lock up like that.  Plus, it should just be more error
		resistant to be able to time out rather than consume
		resources.</para>
		
		<section><title>Use DEFAULT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT</title>

		<para>All network plugins should use DEFAULT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT to timeout</para>

		</section>

		
		<section><title>Add alarms to network plugins</title>

		<para>If you write a plugin which communicates with another
		networked host, you should make sure to set an alarm() in your
		code that prevents the plugin from hanging due to abnormal
		socket closures, etc. Nagios takes steps to protect itself
		against unruly plugins that timeout, but any plugins you create
		should be well behaved on their own.</para>

		</section>

		

</section>

<section id="PlugOptions"><title>Plugin Options</title>
	
		<para>A well written plugin should have --help as a way to get 
		verbose help. Code and output should try to respect the 80x25 size of a
		crt (remember when fixing stuff in the server room!)</para>
		
		<section><title>Option Processing</title>

		<para>For plugins written in C, we recommend the C standard
		getopt library for short options. Getopt_long is always available.
		</para>

		<para>For plugins written in Perl, we recommend Getopt::Long module.</para>

		<para>Positional arguments are strongly discouraged.</para>

		<para>There are a few reserved options that should not be used
		for other purposes:</para>

		<literallayout>
          -V version (--version)
          -h help (--help)
          -t timeout (--timeout)
          -w warning threshold (--warning)
          -c critical threshold (--critical)
          -H hostname (--hostname)
          -v verbose (--verbose)
		</literallayout>

		<para>In addition to the reserved options above, some other standard options are:</para>

		<literallayout>
          -C SNMP community (--community)
          -a authentication password (--authentication)
          -l login name (--logname)
          -p port or password (--port or --passwd/--password)monitors operational
          -u url or username (--url or --username)
		</literallayout>
	  
		<para>Look at check_pgsql and check_procs to see how I currently
		think this can work.  Standard options are:</para>

	  
		<para>The option -V or --version should be present in all
		plugins. For C plugins it should result in a call to print_revision, a
		function in utils.c which takes two character arguments, the
		command name and the plugin revision.</para>

		<para>The -? option, or any other unparsable set of options,
		should print out a short usage statement. Character width should
		be 80 and less and no more that 23 lines should be printed (it
		should display cleanly on a dumb terminal in a server
		room).</para>

		<para>The option -h or --help should be present in all plugins.
		In C plugins, it should result in a call to print_help (or
		equivalent).  The function print_help should call print_revision, 
		then print_usage, then should provide detailed
		help. Help text should fit on an 80-character width display, but
		may run as many lines as needed.</para>

		<para>The option -v or --verbose should be present in all plugins.
		The user should be allowed to specify -v multiple times to increase
		the verbosity level, as described in <xref linkend="verboselevels">.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Plugins with more than one type of threshold, or with
      threshold ranges</title>

      <para>Old style was to do things like -ct for critical time and
      -cv for critical value. That goes out the window with POSIX
      getopt. The allowable alternatives are:</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>long options like -critical-time (or -ct and -cv, I
	  suppose).</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>repeated options like `check_load -w 10 -w 6 -w 4 -c
	  16 -c 10 -c 10`</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>for brevity, the above can be expressed as `check_load
	  -w 10,6,4 -c 16,10,10`</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>ranges are expressed with colons as in `check_procs -C
	  httpd -w 1:20 -c 1:30` which will warn above 20 instances,
	  and critical at 0 and above 30</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>lists are expressed with commas, so Jacob's check_nmap
	  uses constructs like '-p 1000,1010,1050:1060,2000'</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>If possible when writing lists, use tokens to make the
	  list easy to remember and non-order dependent - so
	  check_disk uses '-c 10000,10%' so that it is clear which is
	  the precentage and which is the KB values (note that due to
	  my own lack of foresight, that used to be '-c 10000:10%' but
	  such constructs should all be changed for consistency,
	  though providing reverse compatibility is fairly
	  easy).</para>
	</listitem>

      </orderedlist>

      <para>As always, comments are welcome - making this consistent
      without a host of long options was quite a hassle, and I would
      suspect that there are flaws in this strategy. 
      </para>
    </section>
</section>

<section id="Testcases"><title>Test cases</title>
<para>
Tests are the best way of knowing if the plugins work as expected. Please
create and update test cases where possible.
</para>

<para>
To run a test, from the top level directory, run "make test". This will run 
all the current tests and report an overall success rate.
</para>

<para>
See the <ulink url="http://tinderbox.altinity.org">Nagios Plugins Tinderbox server</ulink>
for the daily test results.
</para>

<section><title>Test cases for plugins</title>
<para>These use perl's Test::More. To do a one time test, run "cd plugins && perl t/check_disk.t".
</para>

<para>There will somtimes be failures seen in this output which are known failures that
need to be fixed. As long as the return code is 0, it will be reported as "test pass".
(If you have a fix so that the specific test passes, that will be gratefully received!)
</para>

<para>
If you want a summary test, run: "cd plugins && prove t/check_disk.t".
This runs the test in a summary format.
</para>

<para>
For a good and amusing tutorial on using Test::More, see this 
<ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/~mschwern/Test-Simple-0.62/lib/Test/Tutorial.pod">
link</ulink>
</para>

</section>

<section><title>Testing the C library functions</title>
<para>
We use <ulink url="http://jc.ngo.org.uk/trac-bin/trac.cgi/wiki/LibTap">the libtap library</ulink>, which gives 
perl's TAP
(Test Anything Protocol) output. This is used by the FreeBSD team for their regression testing.
</para>

<para>
To run tests using the libtap library, download the latest tar ball and extract. 
There is a problem with tap-1.01 where 
<ulink url="http://jc.ngo.org.uk/trac-bin/trac.cgi/ticket/25">pthread support doesn't appear to work</ulink>
properly on non-FreeBSD systems. Compile with 'CPPFLAGS="-UHAVE_LIBPTHREAD" ./configure && make && make check'. 
You do not need to install.
</para>

<para>
You then have to run the Nagios Plugins' configure with the --with-libtap-srcdir=path, where path is the
full path to the tap.h and compiled tap.o file.
Then run "make" and "make test" to run all tests.
</para>
</section>

</section>
<section id="CodingGuidelines"><title>Coding guidelines</title>
	<para>See <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards_toc.html">GNU
	Coding standards</ulink> for general guidelines.</para>
	<section><title>Comments</title>
	<para>You should use /* */ for comments and not // as some compilers
	do not handle the latter form.</para>
	<para>If you have copied a routine from another source, make sure the licence
	from your source allows this. Add a comment referencing the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	file, where you can put more detail about the source.</para>
	<para>For contributed code, do not add any named credits in the source code 
	- contributors should be added into the THANKS.in file instead. 
	</para>
	</section>

	<section><title>CVS comments</title>
	<para>When adding CVS comments at commit time, you can use the following prefixes:
	<variablelist>
	  <varlistentry><term>- comment</term>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>for a comment that can be removed from the Changelog</para>
	  </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>
	  <varlistentry><term>* comment</term>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>for an important amendment to be included into a features list</para>
	  </listitem>
	  </varlistentry>
	</variablelist>
	</para>
	<para>If the change is due to a contribution, please quote the contributor's name 
	and, if applicable, add the SourceForge Tracker number. Don't forget to 
update the THANKS.in file.</para>
	</section>

	<section id="translationsdevelopers"><title>Translations for developers</title>
	<para>To make the job easier for translators, please follow these guidelines:</para>
	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem><para>
	    Before creating new strings, check the po/nagios-plugins.pot file to 
	    see if a similar string
	    already exists
	  </para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>
	    For help texts, break into individual options so that these can be reused
	    between plugins
	  </para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Try to avoid linefeeds unless you are working on a block of text</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Short help is not translated</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Long help has options in English language, but text translated</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>"Copyright" kept in English</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Copyright holder names kept in original text</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>Debugging output does not need to be translated</para></listitem>
	</orderedlist>
	</section>

	<section><title>Translations for translators</title>
	<para>To create an up to date list of translatable strings, run: tools/gen_locale.sh</para>
	</section>

</section>

<section id="SubmittingChanges"><title>Submission of new plugins and patches</title>

	<section id="Patches"><title>Patches</title>
	<para>If you have a bug patch, please supply a unified or context diff against the
	version you are using. For new features, please supply a diff against
	the CVS HEAD version.</para>

	<para>Patches should be submitted via 
	<ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=29880&amp;atid=397599">SourceForge's
	tracker system for Nagiosplug patches</ulink> 
	and be announced to the nagiosplug-devel mailing list.</para>

	<para>Submission of a patch implies that the submmitter acknowledges that they
	are the author of the code (or have permission from the author to release the code)
	and agree that the code can be released under the GPL. The copyright for the changes will 
	then revert to the Nagios Plugin Development Team - this is required so that any copyright 
	infringements can be investigated quickly without contacting a huge list of copyright holders.
	Credit will always be given for any patches through a THANKS file in the distribution.</para>
	</section>

	<section id="Newplugins"><title>New plugins</title>

	<para>If you would like others to use your plugins, please add it to
	the official 3rd party plugin repository, 
	<ulink url="http://www.nagiosexchange.org">NagiosExchange</ulink>.
	</para>

	<para>We are not accepting requests for inclusion of plugins into 
	our distribution at the moment, but when we do, these are the minimum
	requirements:
	</para>

      <orderedlist>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Include copyright and license information in all files</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	  <para>The standard command options are supported (--help, --version,
	  --timeout, --warning, --critical)</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	  <para>It is determined to be not redundant (for instance, we would not 
		add a new version of check_disk just because someone had provide 
		a plugin that had perf checking - we would incorporate the features 
		into an exisiting plugin)</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	  <para>One of the developers has had the time to audit the code and declare
		it ready for core</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	  <para>It should also follow code format guidelines, and use functions from
utils (perl or c or sh) rather than using its own</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	  <para>Includes patches to configure.in if required (via the EXTRAS list if 
	  it will only work on some platforms)</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	  <para>If possible, please submit a test harness. Documentation on sample
	  tests coming soon</para>
	</listitem>
      </orderedlist>

	</section>

</section>
</article>
  
</book>